Contains a blend of ingredients important for regulating glutamate activity, stress-reduction, metabolic health, and mitochondrial function*

Key ingredients
N-acetyl-L-cysteine: Precursor to L-cysteine, which is required for the synthesis of glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant important for mediating oxidative stress (1,2).* L-cysteine modulates glutamate activity through activation of cystine/glutamate antiporters (3).

L-theanine: Amino acid that acts as a glutamate receptor antagonist (4).* Glutamatergic signaling underlies mechanisms related to anxiousness and stress (5). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, L-theanine was shown to significantly reduce stress (6).*

Alpha-lipoic acid: Antioxidant that is able to regenerate endogenous antioxidants and scavenge metal ions and free radicals (7).* Evidence suggests the insulin-signaling pathway is sensitive to redox status (7). Alpha-lipoic acid can influence the redox status in cells important for the translocation of glucose transporters and increasing glucose uptake (7).*

Coenzyme Q10: Compound found in nearly every human cell that is essential for mitochondrial function and antioxidant protection (8).*

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

References
1. Rushworth G and Megson I. Pharmacol Ther. 2014;141(2):150-9.
2. Schmitt B, et al. Redox Biol. 2015;6:198-205.
3. Berk M, et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013;34(3):167-77.
4. Kakuda T, et al. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002;66(12):2683-6.
5. Bermudo-Soriano C, et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012;100(4):752-74.
6. Kimura K, et al. Biol Psychol. 2007;74(1):39-45.
7. Rochette L, et al. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;93(12):1021-7.
8. Garrido-Maraver J, et al. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2014;19:619-33.